Buildings - Revision history

Pinfold at 15:53, September 12, 2023

2023-09-12T15:53:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:53, September 12, 2023
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	As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.		As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.

	Along with increased digitization, building architectures are expanding their sphere of impact and scope through rethinking the construction model and moving toward reconfigurable components with deep embedding of Internet of Things capabilities. This impacts buildings both internally and externally by creating adaptive spaces that meet dynamic needs for all aspects of life - work, leisure and local and national emergencies. This new concept is called ''Space as a Service''<ref>{{Cite \| ~~Proptech~~ 101}}</ref>.		Along with increased digitization, building architectures are expanding their sphere of impact and scope through rethinking the construction model and moving toward reconfigurable components with deep embedding of Internet of Things capabilities. This impacts buildings both internally and externally by creating adaptive spaces that meet dynamic needs for all aspects of life - work, leisure and local and national emergencies. This new concept is called ''Space as a Service''<ref>{{Cite \| PropTech 101}}</ref>.

	=Defining the Smart Building =		=Defining the Smart Building =

Pinfold at 15:36, September 12, 2023

2023-09-12T15:36:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:36, September 12, 2023
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	Sokwoo Rhee, (NIST) and		Sokwoo Rhee, (NIST) and
	Jean Rice (NTIA)-->		Jean Rice (NTIA)-->

	~~{{#scite:~~
	~~\|reference=DigTwin2023~~
	~~\|type=report~~
	~~\|series = A Digital Twin Consortium User Guide~~
	~~\|author=Beth Eckenrode, Craig Stevenson , John Turner, Anil Sawhney, Don McLean, Todd Lukesh~~
	~~\|title=Identifying and Aligning the Stakeholders~~
	~~\|publisher=Digital Twin Consortium~~
	~~\|date=2023-07-25~~
	~~\|file=https://opencommons.org/images/4/44/User-Guide-2-Identifying-and-Aligning.pdf~~
	~~\|retrieved-on=2023-07-29~~
	}}

	~~{{#scite:~~
	~~\|bibtex=@book{yacob2018regional,~~
	~~title={Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2016): Theoretical and Applied Sciences},~~
	~~author={Yacob, N.A. and Noor, N.A.M. and Yunus, N.Y.M. and Yussof, R.L. and Zakaria, S.A.K.Y.},~~
	~~isbn={9789811300745},~~
	~~url={https://books.google.com/books?id=wZRdDwAAQBAJ},~~
	~~year={2018},~~
	~~publisher={Springer Nature Singapore}~~
	}
	}}
	~~{{#scite: ftn2~~
	~~\|accessdate = 2023-07-29~~
	~~\|type= web~~
	~~\|title = PropTech 101: What is a space-as-a-Service (SPaaS) business model?~~
	~~\|url = https://www.rcrwireless.com/20181203/proptech/space-as-a-service-real-estate#:~:text=Space%2Das%2Da%2Dservice%20(SPaaS)%20is%20a,rent%20collectors%20to%20service%20providers~~
	}}

Pinfold at 15:35, September 12, 2023

2023-09-12T15:35:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:35, September 12, 2023
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	=The Smart City as a Mesh Network=		=The Smart City as a Mesh Network=
	A way to visualize a smart city is as a distributed, open ''mesh network'' of connected smart buildings. A biophilic analogy is the mycorrhizal network ~~(<xr id="fig~~:~~MycorrhizalNetworks"/>)~~ created by roots and fungi that connect individual trees and plants and support the transfer of water, carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients and minerals among them in a mutually supportive way.		A way to visualize a smart city is as a distributed, open ''mesh network'' of connected smart buildings. A biophilic analogy is the mycorrhizal network [[#Figure: Mycorrhizal Network]] created by roots and fungi that connect individual trees and plants and support the transfer of water, carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients and minerals among them in a mutually supportive way.

Pinfold at 15:33, September 12, 2023

2023-09-12T15:33:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:33, September 12, 2023
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	As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.		As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.

	Along with increased digitization, building architectures are expanding their sphere of impact and scope through rethinking the construction model and moving toward reconfigurable components with deep embedding of Internet of Things capabilities. This impacts buildings both internally and externally by creating adaptive spaces that meet dynamic needs for all aspects of life - work, leisure and local and national emergencies. This new concept is called ''Space as a Service''. ~~[[CiteRef::ftn2]]~~		Along with increased digitization, building architectures are expanding their sphere of impact and scope through rethinking the construction model and moving toward reconfigurable components with deep embedding of Internet of Things capabilities. This impacts buildings both internally and externally by creating adaptive spaces that meet dynamic needs for all aspects of life - work, leisure and local and national emergencies. This new concept is called ''Space as a Service''<ref>{{Cite \| Proptech 101}}</ref>.

	=Defining the Smart Building =		=Defining the Smart Building =

Pinfold at 15:31, September 12, 2023

2023-09-12T15:31:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:31, September 12, 2023
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	==Statistics==		==Statistics==
	The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built_environment#:~:text=In%20the%20engineering%20and%20social,buildings%20to%20cities%20and%20beyond. built environment] is where billions of people around the world live, work and play. On average people in the developed world spend eighty to ninety percent of their lives inside buildings. <ref>{{Cite \| RCSTSS 2016}}</ref> The built environment also frames our lives. When we step outside — whether in a metropolis, an urban core, a suburb or a rural town — our spaces, including commercial areas and parks, are defined by the built environment.		The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built_environment#:~:text=In%20the%20engineering%20and%20social,buildings%20to%20cities%20and%20beyond. built environment] is where billions of people around the world live, work and play. On average people in the developed world spend eighty to ninety percent of their lives inside buildings<ref>{{Cite \| RCSTSS 2016}}</ref>. The built environment also frames our lives. When we step outside — whether in a metropolis, an urban core, a suburb or a rural town — our spaces, including commercial areas and parks, are defined by the built environment.

	As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.		As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.
Line 31:		Line 31:
	The data of digitization flows like lifeblood into systems, thereby enabling these systems, platforms and applications to interact and adapt with one another. In a smart building, this data flow can: support the optimized operations of a building; connect the desires of an occupant with building capabilities to provide a personalized, reconfigurable environment; optimize energy usage or enable energy to flow from one building to another through a microgrid system; provide visibility into occupant location, tracking; and other functions.		The data of digitization flows like lifeblood into systems, thereby enabling these systems, platforms and applications to interact and adapt with one another. In a smart building, this data flow can: support the optimized operations of a building; connect the desires of an occupant with building capabilities to provide a personalized, reconfigurable environment; optimize energy usage or enable energy to flow from one building to another through a microgrid system; provide visibility into occupant location, tracking; and other functions.

	In addition, digitized data brings to life building information models (BIM) used in construction and '''digital twins''' <ref>{{Cite \| Digital Twin Stakeholders}}</ref> (digitized reflections of real-world objects). Digital twins can now be applied to buildings. These high-fidelity building digital twin models present data collected from complex disparate systems which support a building. Two and three-dimensional interfaces and dashboards present the data to show system activity, enabling in-depth review of current status and predictive analysis. Digital twins allow for simulations and “what if” analyses to see optimal approaches for future operations and/or upgrades and augmentations. They are also increasingly being used during architectural design and development, construction, day-to-day operations and maintenance both for individual buildings and across property portfolios. Digital twins are also being used to design, develop and operationalize new city developments for buildings, parks and transportation and related infrastructure (E.g., India, Singapore).		In addition, digitized data brings to life building information models (BIM) used in construction and '''digital twins'''<ref>{{Cite \| Digital Twin Stakeholders}}</ref> (digitized reflections of real-world objects). Digital twins can now be applied to buildings. These high-fidelity building digital twin models present data collected from complex disparate systems which support a building. Two and three-dimensional interfaces and dashboards present the data to show system activity, enabling in-depth review of current status and predictive analysis. Digital twins allow for simulations and “what if” analyses to see optimal approaches for future operations and/or upgrades and augmentations. They are also increasingly being used during architectural design and development, construction, day-to-day operations and maintenance both for individual buildings and across property portfolios. Digital twins are also being used to design, develop and operationalize new city developments for buildings, parks and transportation and related infrastructure (E.g., India, Singapore).
	<span align="center" id="Figure: Building as a Service/Space as a Service"></span>		<span align="center" id="Figure: Building as a Service/Space as a Service"></span>
	[[File:SmartBuildingIntegrationEcosystem.jpg\|thumb\|600px\|center\|<div style='text-align: center;'>'''Building as a Service/Space as a Service (Source TIA)'''</div>]]		[[File:SmartBuildingIntegrationEcosystem.jpg\|thumb\|600px\|center\|<div style='text-align: center;'>'''Building as a Service/Space as a Service (Source TIA)'''</div>]]

Pinfold at 15:30, September 12, 2023

2023-09-12T15:30:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:30, September 12, 2023
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	==Statistics==		==Statistics==
	The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built_environment#:~:text=In%20the%20engineering%20and%20social,buildings%20to%20cities%20and%20beyond. built environment] is where billions of people around the world live, work and play. On average people in the developed world spend eighty to ninety percent of their lives inside buildings. ~~[[CiteRef::yacob2018regional]]~~ The built environment also frames our lives. When we step outside — whether in a metropolis, an urban core, a suburb or a rural town — our spaces, including commercial areas and parks, are defined by the built environment.		The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built_environment#:~:text=In%20the%20engineering%20and%20social,buildings%20to%20cities%20and%20beyond. built environment] is where billions of people around the world live, work and play. On average people in the developed world spend eighty to ninety percent of their lives inside buildings. <ref>{{Cite \| RCSTSS 2016}}</ref> The built environment also frames our lives. When we step outside — whether in a metropolis, an urban core, a suburb or a rural town — our spaces, including commercial areas and parks, are defined by the built environment.

	As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.		As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.
Line 31:		Line 31:
	The data of digitization flows like lifeblood into systems, thereby enabling these systems, platforms and applications to interact and adapt with one another. In a smart building, this data flow can: support the optimized operations of a building; connect the desires of an occupant with building capabilities to provide a personalized, reconfigurable environment; optimize energy usage or enable energy to flow from one building to another through a microgrid system; provide visibility into occupant location, tracking; and other functions.		The data of digitization flows like lifeblood into systems, thereby enabling these systems, platforms and applications to interact and adapt with one another. In a smart building, this data flow can: support the optimized operations of a building; connect the desires of an occupant with building capabilities to provide a personalized, reconfigurable environment; optimize energy usage or enable energy to flow from one building to another through a microgrid system; provide visibility into occupant location, tracking; and other functions.

	In addition, digitized data brings to life building information models (BIM) used in construction and '''digital twins''' ~~[[CiteRef::DigTwin2023]]~~ (digitized reflections of real-world objects). Digital twins can now be applied to buildings. These high-fidelity building digital twin models present data collected from complex disparate systems which support a building. Two and three-dimensional interfaces and dashboards present the data to show system activity, enabling in-depth review of current status and predictive analysis. Digital twins allow for simulations and “what if” analyses to see optimal approaches for future operations and/or upgrades and augmentations. They are also increasingly being used during architectural design and development, construction, day-to-day operations and maintenance both for individual buildings and across property portfolios. Digital twins are also being used to design, develop and operationalize new city developments for buildings, parks and transportation and related infrastructure (E.g., India, Singapore).		In addition, digitized data brings to life building information models (BIM) used in construction and '''digital twins''' <ref>{{Cite \| Digital Twin Stakeholders}}</ref> (digitized reflections of real-world objects). Digital twins can now be applied to buildings. These high-fidelity building digital twin models present data collected from complex disparate systems which support a building. Two and three-dimensional interfaces and dashboards present the data to show system activity, enabling in-depth review of current status and predictive analysis. Digital twins allow for simulations and “what if” analyses to see optimal approaches for future operations and/or upgrades and augmentations. They are also increasingly being used during architectural design and development, construction, day-to-day operations and maintenance both for individual buildings and across property portfolios. Digital twins are also being used to design, develop and operationalize new city developments for buildings, parks and transportation and related infrastructure (E.g., India, Singapore).
	<span align="center" id="Figure: Building as a Service/Space as a Service"></span>		<span align="center" id="Figure: Building as a Service/Space as a Service"></span>
	[[File:SmartBuildingIntegrationEcosystem.jpg\|thumb\|600px\|center\|<div style='text-align: center;'>'''Building as a Service/Space as a Service (Source TIA)'''</div>]]		[[File:SmartBuildingIntegrationEcosystem.jpg\|thumb\|600px\|center\|<div style='text-align: center;'>'''Building as a Service/Space as a Service (Source TIA)'''</div>]]

Pinfold at 04:03, July 30, 2023

2023-07-30T04:03:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:03, July 29, 2023
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	The data of digitization flows like lifeblood into systems, thereby enabling these systems, platforms and applications to interact and adapt with one another. In a smart building, this data flow can: support the optimized operations of a building; connect the desires of an occupant with building capabilities to provide a personalized, reconfigurable environment; optimize energy usage or enable energy to flow from one building to another through a microgrid system; provide visibility into occupant location, tracking; and other functions.		The data of digitization flows like lifeblood into systems, thereby enabling these systems, platforms and applications to interact and adapt with one another. In a smart building, this data flow can: support the optimized operations of a building; connect the desires of an occupant with building capabilities to provide a personalized, reconfigurable environment; optimize energy usage or enable energy to flow from one building to another through a microgrid system; provide visibility into occupant location, tracking; and other functions.

	In addition, digitized data brings to life building information models (BIM) used in construction and ~~“digital twins”~~ (digitized reflections of real-world objects). Digital twins can now be applied to buildings. These high-fidelity building digital twin models present data collected from complex disparate systems which support a building. Two and three-dimensional interfaces and dashboards present the data to show system activity, enabling in-depth review of current status and predictive analysis. Digital twins allow for simulations and “what if” analyses to see optimal approaches for future operations and/or upgrades and augmentations. They are also increasingly being used during architectural design and development, construction, day-to-day operations and maintenance both for individual buildings and across property portfolios. Digital twins are also being used to design, develop and operationalize new city developments for buildings, parks and transportation and related infrastructure (E.g., India, Singapore).		In addition, digitized data brings to life building information models (BIM) used in construction and '''digital twins''' [[CiteRef::DigTwin2023]] (digitized reflections of real-world objects). Digital twins can now be applied to buildings. These high-fidelity building digital twin models present data collected from complex disparate systems which support a building. Two and three-dimensional interfaces and dashboards present the data to show system activity, enabling in-depth review of current status and predictive analysis. Digital twins allow for simulations and “what if” analyses to see optimal approaches for future operations and/or upgrades and augmentations. They are also increasingly being used during architectural design and development, construction, day-to-day operations and maintenance both for individual buildings and across property portfolios. Digital twins are also being used to design, develop and operationalize new city developments for buildings, parks and transportation and related infrastructure (E.g., India, Singapore).
	<span align="center" id="Figure: Building as a Service/Space as a Service"></span>		<span align="center" id="Figure: Building as a Service/Space as a Service"></span>
	[[File:SmartBuildingIntegrationEcosystem.jpg\|thumb\|600px\|center\|<div style='text-align: center;'>'''Building as a Service/Space as a Service (Source TIA)'''</div>]]		[[File:SmartBuildingIntegrationEcosystem.jpg\|thumb\|600px\|center\|<div style='text-align: center;'>'''Building as a Service/Space as a Service (Source TIA)'''</div>]]

Pinfold at 04:01, July 30, 2023

2023-07-30T04:01:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:01, July 29, 2023
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	As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.		As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.

	Along with increased digitization, building architectures are expanding their sphere of impact and scope through rethinking the construction model and moving toward reconfigurable components with deep embedding of Internet of Things capabilities. This impacts buildings both internally and externally by creating adaptive spaces that meet dynamic needs for all aspects of life - work, leisure and local and national emergencies. This new concept is called ''Space as a Service''. [[CiteRef;;ftn2]]		Along with increased digitization, building architectures are expanding their sphere of impact and scope through rethinking the construction model and moving toward reconfigurable components with deep embedding of Internet of Things capabilities. This impacts buildings both internally and externally by creating adaptive spaces that meet dynamic needs for all aspects of life - work, leisure and local and national emergencies. This new concept is called ''Space as a Service''. [[CiteRef::ftn2]]

	=Defining the Smart Building =		=Defining the Smart Building =

Pinfold at 04:00, July 30, 2023

2023-07-30T04:00:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:00, July 29, 2023
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	As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.		As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.

	Along with increased digitization, building architectures are expanding their sphere of impact and scope through rethinking the construction model and moving toward reconfigurable components with deep embedding of Internet of Things capabilities. This impacts buildings both internally and externally by creating adaptive spaces that meet dynamic needs for all aspects of life - work, leisure and local and national emergencies. This new concept is called ''Space as a Service''.~~<!--ref name="~~ftn2">[https://inbuildingtech.com/proptech/space-as-a-service-real-estate/#:~:text=Space%2Das%2Da%2Dservice%20(SPaaS)%20is%20a,rent%20collectors%20to%20service%20providers. PropTech 101: What is a space-as-a-Service (SPaaS) business model?] ~~(InbuildingTech.com, Urvashi Verma, December, 3, 2018)</ref-->~~		Along with increased digitization, building architectures are expanding their sphere of impact and scope through rethinking the construction model and moving toward reconfigurable components with deep embedding of Internet of Things capabilities. This impacts buildings both internally and externally by creating adaptive spaces that meet dynamic needs for all aspects of life - work, leisure and local and national emergencies. This new concept is called ''Space as a Service''. [[CiteRef;;ftn2]]

	=Defining the Smart Building =		=Defining the Smart Building =
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	publisher={Springer Nature Singapore}		publisher={Springer Nature Singapore}
	}		}
			}}
			{{#scite: ftn2
			\|accessdate = 2023-07-29
			\|type= web
			\|title = PropTech 101: What is a space-as-a-Service (SPaaS) business model?
			\|url = https://www.rcrwireless.com/20181203/proptech/space-as-a-service-real-estate#:~:text=Space%2Das%2Da%2Dservice%20(SPaaS)%20is%20a,rent%20collectors%20to%20service%20providers
	}}		}}

Pinfold at 03:54, July 30, 2023

2023-07-30T03:54:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:54, July 29, 2023
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	==Statistics==		==Statistics==
	The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built_environment#:~:text=In%20the%20engineering%20and%20social,buildings%20to%20cities%20and%20beyond. built environment] is where billions of people around the world live, work and play. On average people in the developed world spend eighty to ninety percent of their lives inside buildings. ~~<ref name="ftn1">~~[~~https~~://books.google.com/books?id=wZRdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=people+spend+80-90%25+of+time+in+buildings+global&source=bl&ots=2mzNkfAQJB&sig=ACfU3U3wXtf7tEL0o6FpExD89MoUh9tr6A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjq__R-4PqAhWsRzABHZpSAfQQ6AEwD3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=people%20spend%2080-90%25%20of%20time%20in%20buildings%20global&f=false Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2016): ~~Theoretical and Applied Sciences~~] (Springer, Asniza Hamimi, Abdul Tharim, Muna Hanim, Abdul Samad, and Mazran Ismail, 2016, p.6); [https://www.epa.gov/report-environment/indoor-air-quality EPA Report on the Environment: Indoor Air Quality] ~~(EPA) </ref>~~ The built environment also frames our lives. When we step outside — whether in a metropolis, an urban core, a suburb or a rural town — our spaces, including commercial areas and parks, are defined by the built environment.		The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built_environment#:~:text=In%20the%20engineering%20and%20social,buildings%20to%20cities%20and%20beyond. built environment] is where billions of people around the world live, work and play. On average people in the developed world spend eighty to ninety percent of their lives inside buildings. [[CiteRef::yacob2018regional]] The built environment also frames our lives. When we step outside — whether in a metropolis, an urban core, a suburb or a rural town — our spaces, including commercial areas and parks, are defined by the built environment.

	As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.		As with many aspects of our lives, the built environment is becoming digitized — interpreted and managed using a language 0s and 1s through sensors that capture and analyze this data. Smart sensors capture both interior and exterior data on building energy performance, air quality, lighting and temperature, mobility, asset locations, and space usage, to name a few.

	Along with increased digitization, building architectures are expanding their sphere of impact and scope through rethinking the construction model and moving toward reconfigurable components with deep embedding of Internet of Things capabilities. This impacts buildings both internally and externally by creating adaptive spaces that meet dynamic needs for all aspects of life - work, leisure and local and national emergencies. This new concept is called ''Space as a Service''.<ref name="ftn2">[https://inbuildingtech.com/proptech/space-as-a-service-real-estate/#:~:text=Space%2Das%2Da%2Dservice%20(SPaaS)%20is%20a,rent%20collectors%20to%20service%20providers. PropTech 101: What is a space-as-a-Service (SPaaS) business model?] (InbuildingTech.com, Urvashi Verma, December, 3, 2018)</ref>		Along with increased digitization, building architectures are expanding their sphere of impact and scope through rethinking the construction model and moving toward reconfigurable components with deep embedding of Internet of Things capabilities. This impacts buildings both internally and externally by creating adaptive spaces that meet dynamic needs for all aspects of life - work, leisure and local and national emergencies. This new concept is called ''Space as a Service''.<!--ref name="ftn2">[https://inbuildingtech.com/proptech/space-as-a-service-real-estate/#:~:text=Space%2Das%2Da%2Dservice%20(SPaaS)%20is%20a,rent%20collectors%20to%20service%20providers. PropTech 101: What is a space-as-a-Service (SPaaS) business model?] (InbuildingTech.com, Urvashi Verma, December, 3, 2018)</ref-->

	=Defining the Smart Building =		=Defining the Smart Building =